"Cyberpunk" is a highly stylised subgenre of science fiction that generally features advanced technology and science together with a typically crumbling society in the middle of a radical breakdown of shift in the social order. Normally it is set at some point in the not-so-distant future, mostly post-industrial dystopias, and focuses on "high tech, low life" aspects of society.
The "punk" part mostly comes from the antihero protagonists, who are often outcasts, mistaken criminals, misfits, visionaries and rebels. They are mostly manipulated into their low positions by the ranking members of society and the controlling government, but sometimes they just create their own situations by trying to follow their master vision.